#Space warfare american full#
However, it is also believed that Russia has not deployed the full extent of its electronic warfare (EW) capabilities and that its EW ASAT efforts appear to be confined to the local level.
Russia has deployed its space denial capabilities in Ukraine, with reports suggesting it has deployed GPS jamming and spoofing to hamper Ukrainian military operations while concealing its own. The report says Russia views space as a critical enabler of US force projection and precision strike capabilities, and that these capabilities are an Achilles’ heel that can be exploited to offset a perceived US military advantage. It also states that China could target satellites performing intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, communication and early warning roles to “blind” US and allied forces. It mentions that China views counter-space operations as a means to deter US intervention in Taiwan, with the potential destruction of US space assets making it difficult for the US and its allies to use precision-guided weapons. The report also briefly summarizes China and Russia’s space warfare doctrines. The report also notes that China and Russia are developing systems to reduce their reliance on the US-based Global Positioning System (GPS) and other space technologies, fielding increasing sophisticated anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons and continuing to position themselves as leading space powers with the goal of creating global space norms to undercut US leadership.
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